It was probably the Arabs who invented the concept of Mattresses. The word mattress means a place where something is thrown. The “something” here would probably mean a mat, pillow and or a cushion. During trade with the Arabs, the concept of mattresses caught on to the French & Italians and then fast spread throughout Europe. Similar was the case with Asia.
Traditional or ancient methods usually had a mattress which was not too thick thrown on the floor with pillows on it. In the homes of the rich, the mattress was always placed on a raised platform. Pillows and cushions were thrown on the mattress in abundance and varied in shapes and sizes.
Mattresses, just like pillows, have been made of various elements which changed through time and growth of science. The concept of beds came much later. The fillers were mostly natural materials like feathers, straw with animal skin used as the cover on the straw mattresses.
The Neolithic Period saw the invention of mattresses made of natural materials. Raised platforms were introduced in the same period to keep away pests and dirt.
Persian society went a step ahead, around 3500 BC – 3700 BC with mattresses made of goat skin filled with water for a cooling effect. While in Egypt heaps of dried palm boughs were used to make mattresses.
With Rome as the most powerful empire, mattresses were now being made of piles of clothes stuffed & tied together. Reed and hay were used as stuffing material by the poor and the rich had their mattresses stuffed with wool and feather.
15th century saw the style change in Renaissance Europe with mattresses covered with expensive fabrics like Silk and Velvet etc stuffed with soft straw and feathers. 16th & 17th century saw beds being made with timber and other hard wood with feather & straw mattresses being made with lattice work of rope and leather.
It was only around the 18th century that mattresses were covered with cotton and linen. As the demand for hard mattresses was seen, coconut shell fiber, cotton, rough wool and horsehair were used for stuffing. Jute at the same time was introduced to stuff mattresses for those who couldn’t afford good cotton or wool.
The box-spring technique was invented in the 19th century and has been the longest running concept still used for making mattresses. Mattresses became less lumpy and more long-lasting with better comfort. Few years down, natural fibers were replaced with artificial fillers with encased coil springs.
Foam rubber mattresses and pillows came around the 1950s which would take shape of the person’s body giving better comfort and not loosing their shape or elasticity.
Next invention was waterbeds and adjustable beds in the 1960s which gained considerable popularity. 1970s and 1980s came with air mattresses and mattresses made of memory foam which now is the most popular concept used to make mattresses.
Various companies now have their own customized concepts to make mattresses which obviously turn into their USP.
A popular concept these few years is using “Upholstery” on a mattress which adds extra comfort and softness. The upholstery layer consists of an insulator, the middle upholstery and finally the quilt.
The insulator is made of fiber or mesh which ensures the middle upholstery keeps in place. The middle upholstery is designed to provide comfort and is made of polyester fiber, foam and fiber pads. The quilt is made of light foam or fiber ensuring to give a soft texture to the mattress.